Ric Francis Photography: Documentary photography in East Central Africa and Norway

Faces of Genocide - Rwanda

The history of conflict between Tutsis and Hutus pre-dates 1994 when hundreds of thousands of Rwandans were killed by Rwanda Hutu génocidaires (as people who killed during the genocide were known). Throughout their shared history there have been casualties on both sides - 1994 represented a shocking escalation of violence. 

These interviews do not broadly reflect the modern history of Rwanda as it relates to the conflict. Before documenting the imprisoned Rwandans I spent months photographing national genocide memorials to report on their historical significance. However I abandoned that story because I could not objectively ask questions - about the actions of all who were involved in the conflict - without arousing the anger of the government and risk being labeled an "enemy of Rwanda" or "genocide denier."  

These testimonials touch upon some of the events that occurred during the 1994 genocide. 

  • A male Rwandan inmate sits while looking directly into the camera during an interview; he's outdoors with a brick wall serving as a backdrop.
  • An older Hutu woman sits in a chair outside the walls a prison; there is a group of inmates in the background behind her waiting for visitors.
  • It is a vertical photo of a 64-year old woman, dressed in prison clothing, standing in front of a sign that indicates the name of the prison.
  • A 54-year old Rwandan man stands outside on the second level of a prison building; in the background are numerous inmates grouped on the upper in lower levels.
  • A group of elderly female inmates, dressed in prison uniforms, walk away from an outdoor meeting area.
  • A 58-year old Rwandan male prisoner, dressed in a prison uniform, speaks at a group meeting; there are several inmates seated and listening in the background.
  • It is a head and shoulder photograph of a 40-year old man wearing a remorseful expression during an interview; he's dressed in a pink prison uniform.
  • A badly worn Rwandan national identity card is photographed on the ground; the card lists the owner as Tutsis and includes her photograph.
  • Inside a darkened memorial museum two black men (one seated the other standing) view the photographs and bios of three murdered Rwandan children.
  • A portion of a memorial wall is shown (with plant leaves in the foreground) that list the names of victims.
  • A poster lists the names and faces of five men {quote}Wanted for Rwandan Genocide.{quote}
  • A 56-year old Rwandan woman, wearing a hijab and prison clothing, crys while sitting outside during an interview near an armed guard tower.
  • This is a portrait that features two Rwandan women (65 and 85 years old), wearing different colored prison uniforms, standing outside (side-by-side) and looking into the camera.
  • Five Rwandan men wearing prison uniforms are standing side-by-side (looking into the camera), outside with a brick wall as a backdrop.
  • A 56-year old Rwandan man in an orange prison uniform leans against an outside prison wall; in the distant background are other inmates and guards.
  • A 57-year old man, dressed in a pink prison uniform, stands outside on steps (facing the camera) with a brick wall behind him.
  • A 45-year old inmate sits outside facing the camera, as 16 fellow inmates are lined up, in the background, and searched as they wait to enter the prison yard - all are wearing orange prison uniforms.
  • Standing outside a prison guard points and gives commands to several seated inmates; a long line of inmates sit waiting to be interviewed about the atrocities to which they confessed.
  • A 49-year old male inmate, dressed in an orange prison outfit, is bent over pulling up weeds; he's holding a long-handled gardening tool.
  • A 67-year old man, dressed in an orange prison outfit, stands facing the camera with a long line of similarly dressed inmates seated behind him.
  • Pictured is a head and shoulder shot of a 61-year old Rwandan woman; she's wearing an orange prison uniform.
  • A 51-year old Rwandan man is seated in the foreground making a basket, along with a couple of other basket-making inmates seated nearby; behind them is a large gathering of additional inmates who drawn to the scene by the presence of a camera.
  • The mummified corpses of several people - including a woman with a baby on her stomach - are displayed on a wooden frame.
  • The backside of a technical school is shown with a huge pit (it served as a mass grave) in the foreground.
  • Tattered clothes are displayed inside two open wood cabinets in a dark room.
  • Hundreds of skulls are displayed on the floor inside a dark room.
  • A casket, holding the remains of numerous victims, is displayed in the middle of a very narrow and dark room; the walls on both sides of the room are layered with skulls.
  • A 58-year old man, wearing a prison uniform, is seated on a chair holding a small piece of paper between his hands. In the distant background are other inmates in prison uniforms.
  • It's a tight shot showing the hands of an inmate holding a small sheet of paper; visible are the names of the ten people the inmate killed during the 1994 genocide.
  • The shot shows a long line of men seated closely together; they're all wearing either an orange or pink prison uniform.
  • It is a landscape shot showing the outside of a vast prison wall, and the small figure of a single inmate (wearing an orange uniform) walking the grounds.
  • An 58-year old inmate, wearing an orange uniform, cooks a huge pot of beans, in a structure with open walls (nearby other inmates stand observing).
  • An 83-year old Rwandan woman is bent over as she sweepsT an outside area of the prison; she's wearing a pink prison uniform.
  • Standing outside a 62-year old woman, dressed in a pink prison uniform, looks into the camera; in the background is a sign with the prison's name.
  • A 47-year old Rwandan man, wearing an orange prison uniform, sits on a wood bench outside the visible prison wall; in the background are other inmates walking away from the camera.
  • Shown from behind, two elderly Rwandan women are held up by two other elderly women as they walk back to their rooms - all are wearing prison uniforms.
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